Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Haripur

Brief History – Governmental Structure – Administrative Divisions – Archaeological/Historical Sites and Tourist Attractions

Brief History of Haripur District

Haripur was part of Hazara Region in the northeastern part of Pakistan. During British Rule, Hazara was one district, and consisted of Abottabad, Haripur, and Mansehra Tehsils, and the Tanawal and Phulra areas. After Partition of India, the tehsils were upgraded to district level in different years (as recounted in the history section of individual districts). The Tanawal area was an independent Princely State called Amb, ruled by the Chief of the Tanoli or Tanawal tribe. Phulra was another small semi-independent Princely State located east of Amb State. Its rulers were related to Tanawal Tribe.

The following history of Haripur Hazara has mostly been paraphrased from Hazara District Gazetteer 1907.

The ancient name of the areas now referred to as Hazara was Urasha; this name is still used in the Orash or Rash Plain, and is most likely the location referred to as Uraga in the Mahabharata (p.118).

The Greeks called it Abisara, which is derived from the name of Abisares, the chief of the mountain people living in the region. During Buddhist rule under the Mauryan Empire, Hazara formed a part of the Taxila province. Ashoka the Great (died 232 BC) was its governor at one time. He became the greatest ruler of the Mauryan Empire. During his rule he made Buddhism the State Religion and inscribed his edicts on rocks near the base of Bareri Hills in Mansehra.[1]

Little is known of the history of the region after Ashoka’s period; the next known historical mention of the regionis by the Chinese Pilgrim Hiuen Tsiang who visited the area in the 7th century AD. He describes the area to be a dependency of Kashmir. It is known that the region was under Hindu dominion after that.

The next historical record relates to the invasion of Tamerlane, who, while returning from his invasions of India in 1399, gave the Hazara areas to the Karlugh Turks. By this time, the Hindu rulers had been ousted, and Muslim conquerors had taken over, making Islam the dominant religion. The name “Hazara” is associated with the Turks. Hazara means thousand, which is the translation of the Turkish word ming meaning a regiment of thousand men, thus Hazara can be translated as the country of Turki’s ming or regiment.

It is known that the area became a part of Mughal Empire, since it is mentioned in the Ain-e-Akbari (Akbar’s Constitution) by Abul Fazal, and also in the history of Mughal Emperor Jahangir. During Mughal rule, the Hazara plain formed a part of the Attock Governorship and was known as Pakhli Sarkar. Most of the inhabitants of Pakhli Sarkar in the early days of the Mughal Empire were Turks.

When the hold of the Mughal Empire started declining in the region in the 18th century, the areas became an easy target for the Afghans. The main reason for this instability in the region was the decline of the old Turkish families and increasing aggressiveness of the Pathan families. The most notable was the attack on Pakhli Sarkar by the Swatis in 1703, under Sayyed Jalal Baba, who was the son-in-law of the last ruler of the Turkic dynasty, Sultan Mehmud Khurd. By 1752 Hazara was completely taken over by the forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani. The Durranis did not interfere in the internal affairs of Hazara, but kept a strong hold over it, since it provided an easy route to Kashmir and also provided recruits for their forces. By the beginning of the 19th century the Durranis’ hold over the region had grown weak and Sikh power had gained strength. Ranjit Singh annexed Hazara Region in 1818, but in 1820, his Generals were defeated; the Sikhs were again defeated in 1821. Ranjit Singh then sent Hari Singh Nalwa, the Governor of Kashmir to this region, and he was able to conquer Hazara and was made its governor. He was also given the areas of Pakhli Sarkar and Damtour.[2] He remained Governor of Hazara till his death in 1837.

Hari Singh built a fort near the village of Sikandar Garh, and named it Harkishangarh. He also laid the foundations of a town around it and called it Haripur. The town was the only planned town in the area till Abbottabad was built by the British in 1853. In 1823, he punished the Tanolis, Swatis and Jaduns (the tribes who had offered the toughest resistance to him) severely; people were burned, women and children taken prisoner, and the headquarters of the Tanoli chiefs was burned down as well.

The Harkishangarh fort still exists and is surrounded by a trench. After undergoing renovations, the fort now accommodates a police station (Saddar), the court of the Tehsildar, and District Accounts Offices.

After Hari Singh’s death, and until the final annexation of the areas by the British, Hazara remained under various Sikh governors. After the end of the First Anglo Sikh war in 1846, the disturbances in the region increased and in March 1846 Muslim tribes[3] under the leadership of their chiefs attacked Haripur town. The Sikhs were defeated. The Muslim tribes then established themselves in Haripur town and its adjoining villages. The Sikh Governor Mulraj Khan left the fort for Hassan Abdal (Abbottabad district) with all his troops. After signing a Peace Deal with the British in 1846 (the end of First Anglo Sikh war), the Sikh Raja Gulab Singh was allotted Kashmir and its dependencies. In 1847 Raja Gulab Singh attempted to give Hazara back to Lahore in exchange for lands near Jammu, but the people of Hazara resisted, prompting the British to send Major James Abbott to settle this issue. The Major successfully pacified the people of Hazara and peace was restored.

During the Second Anglo Sikh war (1848-49), Major James Abbott retained his hold over the Hazara Region and at the end of this war, the area became a part of British territory. Major Abbott was able to maintain peace in the area during the 1857 War of Independence as well.

Major Abbott was the first Deputy Commissioner of Hazara district. He raised the status of Haripur from town to Tehsil in 1849. At that time, Hazara was a district of Punjab with Haripur as its headquarter, but when the new province, North West Frontier Province (NWFP) was formed in 1901, this district was made part of the NWFP. Haripur remained the capital of Hazara till 1853 when the new planned town Abbottabad was built, and took its place as the capital of Hazara. Till then, Haripur had been officially known[4] as Haripur Hazara.

The Princely States of Amb and Phulra (Tanawal Area), situated north of Haripur and Mansehra Tehsils, partly belonged to the Nawab of Amb (Sir Muhammad Akram Khan Knight Commander Star India; KCSI) and partly to the Khan of Phulra (Ata Muhammad Khan; brother of Nawab of Amb). During British Rule (after the annexation of Hazara in 1849), the administration of the Tanawal Area remained in the hands of these two chiefs who were both Tanawalis and descendants of Haibat Khan, the founder of the state of Amb. Muhammad Akram Khan was awarded the title of KCSI for his services during the Hazara expedition of 1868[5] and the War of Independence in 1857 by the British.

The people of Hazara district joined the All India Muslim League. In 1947 Hazara became part of Pakistan along with NWFP. In 1954, West Pakistan became a province with the implementation of the One Unit policy and was divided into divisions. Hazara was a district of Peshawar division, and remained as such till it achieved the status of a division in 1976, comprising of Mansehra and Abbottabad districts. Haripur became a Tehsil of district Abbottabad and remained so till it was made into a district in July 1991. The Princely States of Amb and Phulra, which were ruled by Nawab Sir Muhammad Farid Khan and Abdul Latif respectively, had opted for Pakistan. Amb remained independent till 1969, during which year the Princely State was abolished, and the areas belonging to the state were incorporated into Mansehra, Abbottabad, and Haripur districts. In 1972 the Nawab’s royal status was taken from him. Phulra State was abolished in 1950, on the death of its last Nawab, Abdul Latif. The territories of Phulra State are now a Union Council of Mansehra Tehsil.

When a number of silver coins of the Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Kings (2nd and 1st century BC) were discovered accidently at the site of Pir Mankrai on the east bank of River Daur (Haripur district), a number of surveys and excavations were carried out (since 1993) on the east bank of River Daur. In 1997, excavations were started under the leadership of Professor F.A. Durrani and Mir Shah Nazara, and in 1998, a much bigger expedition was launched under the leadership of Professor Dr. Saif-ur-Rehman. As a result of these excavations, a large ancient city was uncovered. Remains of a number of spacious houses, a medium sized fort, with a major temple complex inside and another smaller temple with a female deity have been found. According to the estimates of experts, the town was founded in the 2nd century BC, but was abandoned in the 3rd and 4th centuries.

The first Military Ruler of Pakistan, Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan, was born in Rehana, a village in Haripur district. He remained the President of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969.

Figure 1.3 Hari Singh Nalwa (Founder of Haripur)

Figure 1.4 Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan

Figure 1.5 Jamrud Fort

Figure 1.6 A Hindu Temple Haripur Hazara, c1865

Governmental Structure; Haripur district

At the Federal level, Haripur district is allocated a set number of representatives in both the National Assembly and the Provincial Assembly:

• Number of seats in the National Assembly 1
• Number of seats in the Provincial Assembly 6

Under the Local Government Act District Haripur has 1 District Council constituted by general seats, seats reserved for women, peasants/workers, youth, and non-Muslims as prescribed under the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Local Government Act 2013. Haripur District Council is composed of 45 general members, 15 women members, 3 peasants/worker members, 3 minority members, and 3 youth members.

Administrative Divisions; Haripur district

The district has a total area of 1725 sq. km and is divided into 3 tehsils as follows:

Haripur Tehsil	39 Union Councils
Ghazi Tehsil	08 Union Councils
Khanpur Tehsil	Created from Haripur Tehsil in 2009

Table 1.2 Haripur Adminstrative Units

[1] These monuments are described in more detail in the chapter on Mansehra district.

[2] Pakhli is the original name of areas now comprising Hazara Region; Damtour was a district of the province of Pakhli Sarkar.

[3] The Muslim tribes were the Swatis, Jaduns, Tanawal, Ghakkars, Tarins, Dhunds etc.

[4] Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Official Website. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tribune, extracted 2017

[5] 1868 British Expedition was against the tribes (Yousafzai tribe and its various clans) of the Black Mountains or Torghar Mountains. After 1868, other expeditions in the same region were launched in 1888 and 1891,

Archaeological/Historical Sites and Tourist Attractions; Haripur district

The main tourist areas in the district include:

• Tarbela Dam: The World’s largest earth-filled dam
• Khanpur Dam: It is the venue for Sarhad Tourism Corporation’s annual airborne and waterborne sports festival. Boating facility is there for visitors and school trips; Haripur district
• Bhuttri Dam; Haripur district
• Chajian Kumawan Waterfall; Haripur district
• Jaulian: This houses the first Buddhist schools and Montessori; Haripur district
• Bhamala Stupa near Khanpur Dam site: The Stupa is different from other stupas found in Gandhara, and dates back to 4th century CE. The stupa is cross-shaped and looks like an Aztec Pyramid. It is also known asBhamala Buddhist Complex; Haripur district
• Badalpur Buddhist stupa and monastery, Badalpur, Haripur
• Lal Chak stupa and monastery, Garhian, Haripur
• Sirsukh, Marchabad, Haripur: The city of Sirsukh was founded by theKushan king Kanishka after 80 CE, and is the last of the great ancient cities of Taxila
• Piplan site, Jaulian, Haripur
• Pind Ghakhran mound, Pind Ghakhran, Haripur
• Chitti site and Tarnawa-Chitti site A & B, Tarnawa, Haripur
• Burj or Tuma site, Garamthun, Haripur
• Bhari Dheri, Kutehra, Haripur
• Dana Wali, Kutehra, Haripur
• Tope Site, Kamalpur, Haripur
• Haripur Fort: Constructed by Hari Singh Nalwa. The fort is surrounded by a wall which is 4 yards (3.7 m) thick and 16 yards (15 m) high, and had only 4 openings. That fort later became the City Police Station

In addition the Banks of River Daur also provide beautiful spots for recreation and enjoyment. The historical sites are not protected under Pakistan Laws.

Figure 1.9 Bab-i-Hazara (Gate to Hazara)

 

Figure 1.10 Bhutry Dam Lake

Figure 1.11 Spring Gala at Khanpur Lake; Haripur

Topography of Haripur District

Most of the district consists of a plain with elevation ranging from 457 m to 915 m, and comprises of lush green plains surrounded by mountains with a number of water resources. Its topography can be divided into 3 plain areas and a mountainous region:

• Maidan-e-Hazara: consists of the plain area of Haripur district, which is surrounded by the mountains of Tanawal in the north, Koh-e-Gandgar in the west, and Khanpur hills in the south. Haripur city and a majority of the villages of the district are situated in this region
• Khanpur Punjkahta region: this is a well-watered plain lying in the southeastern corner of the district. River Haro emerges from the Khanpur Hills
• Chhach (Maidan-e-Khari) region in the west of Haripur city: this region is now submerged under the reservoir of Tarbela Dam

The mountainous region is the Tanawal Region, which is subdivided into Upper and Lower Tanawal areas. The Tanawal Region lies in the north of Maidan-e-Hazara. A major part of Lower Tanawal is sandwiched between Maidan-e-Hazara and Upper Tanawal.

The Tanawal Range consists of a maze of hills through which the River Siran passes. The highest peaks are the Bhingra (2,591 m) and Biliana (2,107 m).[1] This is a remote part of the district and is linked with Haripur by Chapper Road which is also known as Shahrah-e-Tanawal.

Rivers, Streams, and Lakes; Haripur district

The important rivers of the district are River Indus, River Siran, River Daur (also spelled as Dor) and River Harro.

River Indus enters the district in the northwest and flows along the western boundary of the district. Tarbela Dam, the biggest earth-filled dam of the world, has been constructed on River Indus in Haripur district. This river is the main source of water for the Tarbela Reservoir.

River Siran is a tributary of River Indus and joins it at the Tarbela Reservoir. River Daur is a tributary of River Siran and irrigates a large area of the district. It joins River Siran 8 km above Tarbela. River Harro emanates from the southern end of Dunga Gali Range, where it has two branches: the eastern branch is known as Dhund, and the western as Karral Haro. Both these streams flow into the Khanpur Panjkatha. The Khanpur Dam is located on River Harro in Haripur.

In addition to the above mentioned perennial rivers, a large number of streams originate from the mountains during rainy season; some of these are Lahoria Kas, Chalhra Kas, Seth, and Kas Jabbi Spring.

Tarbela Dam Reservoir and Khanpur Dam Reservoir are the 2 major lakes of the district.

Forests; Haripur district

Dry sub-tropical broad leaved forests are the dominant forest type of the district. The dominant species are olive (Olea cuspitada) and phulai (Acacia modesta). Shrub genera include hopbush (Dodonaea), spike thorn (Gymnosporia), gur gura (Monotheca) and natal plum (Carrisa). Among grass, the genera of Cryposogon, Cymbopogon, and Heteropogon are common.

The following table shows the area and type of forests in Haripur district (KP Development Statistics 2018-19):

Total Forest Area	184,271 A	Resumed Land	841 A
Reserved Forests	34,394 A	Communal Forests	– A
Protected Forests	– A	Guzara Forests	59,960 A
Un-classed Forests[2]	– A	Private Plantation	88,378 A
Section 38 Forests[3]	349 A	Miscellaneous	349 A
Linear Plantation	224 km

Table 1.3 Haripur Forests

Bagra, Kalinjar, Mang, Pind Hashim Khan, and Rakh Sardaran are some wildlife sanctuaries of the district. Manakrai Reserved Forest is an important forested area of the district.

Soils of Haripur district

The soil of the district is dissected loess plain or dissected piedmont plains having silty loam, and silty clay loam texture.

Climate of Haripur district

The climate of the district is mildly hot in summer and very cold in winter. Hottest months are June and July, when the mean average maximum and minimum temperatures recorded are 32 °C and 19 °C respectively, while December and January are the coldest months with mean average maximum and minimum temperatures being 12 °C and 1 °C.

Annual rainfall is recorded at 1,366 mm with July and August having most of the summer rainfall, and February and March in the winter.

Seismic Activity/Seismicity of Haripur district

The district belongs to Zone 2B of the Seismic Zone Map of Pakistan, which means minor to moderate damage due to earthquakes.

[1] The names of the peaks and their height have been taken from Hazara District Gazetteer 1907

[2] Un-classed Forests are owned by the Government

[3] Section 38 forests are private lands handed over to government

Population of Haripur district

The following table shows the population of the district as per the 2017 Census:

District	Area Km2	Population	Male %	Female %	Urban %	Growth Rate %
Haripur District	1,725	1,003,031	49.7	50.3	12.6	1.97
Ghazi Tehsil	NA	145,367
Haripur Tehsil	NA	857,664
Khanpur Tehsil	Not Available

Table 1.4 Haripur Population Statistics

Religions Haripur district[1]

Muslims	99.6%
Christians	0.1%
Hindus	Negligible %
Ahmadis	0.1%
Schedule Castes	Negligible %
Others	0.2%

Table 1.5 Haripur Religions

Languages; Haripur district[2]

Urdu	0.5%
Punjabi	1.8%
Sindhi	0.1%
Pushto	8.9%
Balochi	Negligible %
Seraiki	0.2%
Others	88.5%

Table 1.6 Haripur Languages

The major language spoken in the district is Chhachi/Hindko, which is the predominant language of the district.

[1] 1998 Census; 2017 Census data has not been made public yet.

[2] 1998 Census; 2017 Census data has not been made public yet.

Economic Activity – Economic Infrastructure

Economic Activity; Haripur District

The economy of Haripur district is mainly based on agriculture. The main economic occupations of the district are:

• Agriculture with its allied Livestock Breeding & Fishing (32.1%)
• Construction (18%)
• Community, Social & Personal Services (20.1%)
• Manufacturing (4.4%)
• Transport, Storage & Communication (8.4%)
• Wholesale, Retail/Trade, Hotels (12.6%)
• Others (4.4%)

Haripur district has the highest Index of Human Development in KP. According to the Human Development Index[1] developed for districts of Pakistan worked out in 2003, Haripur was the 3rd most developed district in Pakistan, topping the list in KP.

[1] District Profile Haripur, South Asian Partnership, Pakistan.

Land Use; Haripur district

The total area of the district is 1,725 km². The following table shows the land use statistics of the district (KP Development Statistics 2018-19):

Total Area	172,500 HA	Reported Area	192,134 HA
Total Cultivated Area	68,945 HA	Net Sown	63,847 HA
Current Fallow	5,098 HA	Uncultivated Area	123,189 HA
Culturable Waste	38,715 HA	Forest Area	15,033 HA

Table 1.7 Haripur Land Use Statistics

Agriculture; Haripur district

The district belongs to the Wet Mountains Agro-Ecological Zone of Pakistan.

Haripur’s specialty in agriculture is peas (mutter), while in fruits it produces the red blood malta of Khanpur as well as the loquat. The major crops grown are maize, wheat, jowar, gram, barley, bajra, sugarcane, mustard, maash, masoor, moong, groundnut, and sesanum.

Citrus, mango, banana, apples, guava, apricot, peach, pears, plums, pomegranates, loquat, leechee, jack fruits, and various kinds of berries including ber, and mulberry are the major fruits grown in the district. Chilies, onions, potatoes, tomatoes, coriander, garlic, peas, chickpeas, okra, turnip, pumpkin, tori, spinach, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, and brinjal are some of the vegetables grown in the district.

The district is ranked as the 10th highest producer of vegetables in the province.[1]

Figure 1.7 Mustard Fields, Haripur

Figure 1.8 Citrus Orchard, Khanpur

Livestock Breeding; Haripur district

Livestock breeding plays an important role in the economy of the district. The following table shows the statistics of livestock for the district as per KP Development Statistics 2018-19:

Cattle	130,215 Heads	Buffaloes	106,911 Heads	Sheep	6,804 Heads
Goats	215,598 Heads	Camels	845 Heads	Horses	894 Heads
Mules	235 Heads	Asses	20,454 Heads

Table 1.8 Haripur Livestock Statistics

The hashtnagri sheep are the indigenous breed of livestock in the district.

Poultry Farms; Haripur district

According to Table 17 (Number of Commercial Poultry Farms and Number of Birds by Size of Flock) there are 299 poultry farms in the district.

Fishing; Haripur district

Fishing is a substantial economic activity in the district and is chiefly carried out in both the Tarbela Dam and Khanpur Dam reservoirs. In addition, all the rivers and nullahs of the district provide good fishing areas. The fish is exported to other parts of Pakistan.

Bee Keeping/Api Culture Haripur district

Honey is an important non-wood forest production of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The province offers ample opportunities for the promotion of bee keeping and the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is providing training to its rural population in the art of apiculture and honey processing.

Mining Haripur district

At present, barites, dolomites, granite, iron ore, laterite, limestone, marble, red oxide, sandstone, shale clay, slate stone, and soap stone are being commercially mined in the district.

Licenses have been awarded for oil and gas exploration in the Margala area, which includes Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Abbottabad, and Haripur districts.

Irrigation Network; Haripur district

The following table shows the mode and area irrigated by each mode (KP Development Statistics 2018-19):

Total Irrigated Area	10,456 HA	Canal Irrigated (Private)	1,623 HA
Tube Wells	4,224 HA	Canal Irrigated (Govt)	3,450 HA
Wells	260 HA	Lift Pumps	70 HA
Others	– HA	Tanks	829 HA

Table 1.11 Haripur Irrigation Statistics

Rivers Siran and Daur irrigate substantial areas but River Haro passes through mountainous land and hence, even though it has ample water, it irrigates a small area.

Ichhar Canal takes off from Ichhar Nullah (mostly in Mansehra district). The head regulator of the canal is located in village Serai Saleh (Union Council in Haripur). This canal also provides irrigation water. Water from River Daur is collected in a reservoir known as Rangeela; this water is then distributed through 9 water channels for irrigation of land in the villages around the city.

Other canals in the district are Punjkatha Canal, which takes off from the Haro River near Khanpur Dam; and 2 canals called Khanpur Right Bank Canal and Khanpur Left Bank Canal, both of which originate from Khanpur Dam.

Apart from Tarbela and Khanpur, there are 3 other small dams in the district, namely Khal Dam, Mang Dam, and Bhutry Dam, all built for irrigation purposes.

Figure 1.12 Tarbela Dam

Industry and Manufacturing; Haripur district

Hattar Industrial Estate located in the district, was established in 1985-86. It is one of the largest estates in the province. In addition, there is a Small Industry Estate in Khalabat, Haripur.

According to KP Development Statistics 2018-19, there are 184 industrial units in the district. Of these, 150 units are working, and the rest are closed for various reasons. The following table shows the number and type of industrial units in the district:

Industry	Number	Industry	Number
Beverages	08	Biscuits And Sweets	05
Feed	04	Carpets	03
Cement	03	Cement Based	05
Ceramics	03	Chemicals	06
Daal Processing	–	Detonators	02
Electrical Goods	02	Engineering	16
Fertilizer	02	Fiber Glass	02
Flour Mills	10	Glass	02
Gasses	02	Hosiery	01
Ice Factories	03	Marble & Chips	04
Safety Matches	02	Woolen	01
Mining	10	Car Batteries	02
Packages	03	Paper & Board	05
Pharmacy	16	Plastic & Rubber	08
Textile Mills	01	Vegetable Ghee & Oil	05
Soaps & Detergents	01	Telecommunication	02
Textile Looms	05	Wood	06

Table 1.9 Haripur Industries

Telecom Enterprises, based in Haripur, importers of Telecommunication Cables & amp Equipment provide a wide variety of IT and telecommunication services.

Handicrafts; Haripur district

The district trades in industrial goods and agricultural produce, especially vegetables. Handicrafts of the district include embroidery, hand-knotted carpets, and wood working. Justi Embroidery is a special kind of silk embroidery on shawls, and chadors. It consists of mostly flowers embroidered in silk, and is also known as Phulkari. In Hazara Region, this Phulkari work can be traced to the times of the Greeks.

[1] District Profile Haripur, South Asian Partnership, Pakistan

Economic Infrastructure; Haripur district

Road Statistics; Haripur district

KP Development Statistics 2018-19 gives the road statistics of the district as:

According to KP Development Statistics 2018-19 the road statistics of Haripur district are as follows:

Total Roads	1,080.0 km
High Type Roads	480.0 km
Low Type Roads	600.0 km

Table 1.10 Haripur Road Statistics

Some of the important roads of the district include

• Shahrah-e-Hazara: connects with National Highway N-35
• Khanpur Road
• Haripur-Hattar Road
• Ghazi-Serikot Road
• Soha Road

Rails and Airways; Haripur District

The district is well-linked to the rest of Pakistan by rail; there is a railway station at Pandak (near Haripur city). There is no airport in the district and the nearest international airport is at Abbottabad.

Radio and Television; Haripur district

Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation does not have its broadcasting station in the district. There are 2 privately-owned FM radio stations in the district. The district has modern cable TV network.

Telecommunications; Haripur district

There are 44 automatic telephone exchanges in the district. These exchanges provide 16,439 connections (KP Development Statistics 2018-19). Cellular phone services, with considerable coverage in all major towns, are also available.

Post Offices; Haripur district

There are 94 offices of Pakistan Post in the district, with 1 head office, 29 sub-post offices and 64 branch offices in the district (KP Development Statistics 2018-19).

Electricity and Gas; Haripur district

Electricity to the district is supplied and transmitted by Peshawar Electric Supply Co. (PESCO). Tarbela Power House generates 3,478 MW of power for the country. Gas for domestic use is not available.

Banking/Financial Services; Haripur district

Most of the major banks of Pakistan have branches in Haripur; some have ATM facilities as well. In all, there are 78 bank branches in the district.[1]

According to the List of Reporting Bank Branches 2019, by State Bank of Pakistan, the following banks (among others) have branches in the district:

• Al-Baraka Bank Ltd.
• Alfalah Bank Ltd.
• Bank Al Habib Ltd.
• Allied Bank Ltd.
• Askari Bank Ltd.
• Bank of Punjab Ltd.
• Faysal Bank Ltd.
• Habib Bank Ltd.
• Khyber Bank Ltd.
• Meezan Bank Ltd.
• Muslim Commercial Bank Ltd.
• National Bank of Pakistan Ltd.
• United Bank Ltd.
• Zarai Taraqiati Bank

In all there are 67 branches of various scheduled banks and 11 branches of different Islamic banks in the District[2].

Educational Institutions; Haripur district

Haripur district has a literacy rate of 69.0%%. The following table shows the number of Government Educational Institutions in the district as per KP Development Statistics 2018-19:

Institution	Boys/Girls	Institution	Boys/Girls
Primary Schools	500/354	Middle Schools	66/62
High Schools	66/55	Higher Secondary Schools	17/10
Mosque Schools	46	Degree Colleges	03/07
Polytechnic Institutes	01	Commerce Colleges/Institutes	01
Vocational Centers	03	Private Primary Schools	116
Private Schools (Middle + Secondary)	225	Post Graduate College	02
Medical Colleges	–	Engineering Colleges/University	–
Military Institutes	–	Universities[3]	02
Homeopathic College	–	Law Schools	02

Table 1.12 Haripur Educational Institutes

Healthcare Facilities Haripur district

The following table shows the Government Health Care Institutions in Haripur district as per KP Development Statistics 2018-19:

Institution	No./Beds	Institution	No./Beds
Hospitals	10/715	Dispensaries	11/-
Rural health Centers	05/60	Basic Health Units	40/-
Mother Child Health Centers	02/-	Sub-Health Centers	06/-
Leprosy Clinic	01/-	TB Clinics	01/-
Private Hospitals	–	Private Medical Practitioners	284

Table 1.13 Haripur Health Institutes

Policing; Haripur district

The District Police Officer (DPO) is directly responsible to the Zila Nazim for public safety. The Police Department is headed by the Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP). The SSP supervises and controls the police force in maintaining law and order and investigation of cases of criminal nature. The Police Department operates under the Police Rules. The DPO is in-charge of policing the district. There are 11 police stations[4] in the district including women’s police stations.

Figure 1.13 Motor Jet Boats in Khanpur Dam Reservoir

Figure 1.14 Tarbela Dam Spillway

Figure 1.15 Paragliding, Haripur

 

Figure 1.16 University of Haripur

 

Figure 1.17  Khanpur Dam Spillway

 

[1] Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Development Statistics 2018-19

[2] List of Reporting Bank Branches 2019, by State Bank of Pakistan.

[3] University of Hazara, Haripur; and University of Haripur

[4] Table no. 19.7 (a) Number of Police Stations by Division/District By Federal Bureau of Statistics.

Environment and Biodiversity; Haripur District

The district has the highest Human Development Index as calculated by the Government of Pakistan in 2003 in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (based on the latest available survey).

The major environment-related problem is the high rate of deforestation. The industries at Hattar Industrial Estate discharge untreated waste into the rivers of the district, creating water pollution.

Flora and Fauna; Haripur district

The flora of the area consists of 211 species of 170 genera, distributed among 66 families.[1] Nearly 33% of the total area of the district is under forests. These forests provide shelter to wildlife.

Flora; Haripur district

The most common flora of the district includes shisham (Dalbergio sissoo), toot or mulberry (Morus alba), phulai (Acacia modesta), ber (Zizyphus jujuba), kikar (Acacia arabica), banyan or bargad (Ficus benghlensis), aak (Calotropis procera), sanatha (Dodonea viscosa), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), dhman (Grevia spp.), kao or wild olives (Olea ferrogina), chir (Pinus roxburghii), pataki (Gymnosporia royleana), awami booti (Otostegia limbata), grinda (Carissa opaca), bhekar or malabar nut (Adhatoda vasica),Indian barberry or kashmal, (Berberis lyceum), jangli toot or paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), jungle podina or wild mint (mentha longifolia), castor oil plant (Ricinus communis), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum), wild onion (Allium jaquemontii), oat/jungle jai (Avena sativa), chulai (Amaranthus viridis), stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula), field marigold/ziargullay (Calendula arvensis), milk thistle/kandiari (Silybum marianum), sarkanda (Saccharum arundinaceum), bhang (Cannabis sativa), and gandi buti (Euphorbia helioscopia).

The most common grasses are buffel grass or dhaman (Cenchrus ciliaris), needle grass (Aristida adscensionis) and Hindi grass (Dicanthium annulatum).

The most famous flowers are rose, jasmine, gul-e-dawoodi, and gul-e-nargis.

Fauna; Haripur district

The mammalian fauna of the district includes hare, fox, wild boars, barking deer, grey goral, wildcat, jackals, monkeys, Asiatic leopard, black bear, yellow-throated marten, Kashmir hill fox, red flying squirrel, Himalayan palm civet, masked civet, and rhesus macaque. Among reptiles, fresh water turtles, snakes, and the Indian monitor lizard are common.

Golden eagle, griffon vulture, honey buzzard, peregrine falcon, kestrel, Indian sparrow hawk, hill pigeon, spotted dove, collared dove, Eurasian blackbird, blue whistling thrush, desert wheatear, common rose finch, bank myna, varieties of wagtail, varieties of babblers, golden orioles, crested lark, king fishers, black kite, common kestrel, black and grey frankolins, common hoopoe, mallards, pond heron, and common snipe are the common avifauna of the district.

Protected Wildlife Areas and Endangered Fauna; Haripur district

The game reserves that are being maintained and protected by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wildlife Department in Haripur are:

• Bagra: this is a sub-tropical thorn forest and provides sanctuary to grey and black partridge, fox, and hare
• Kalinjar: a sub-tropical thorn forest providing sanctuary to chakor partridge, see-see partridge, grey partridge, and hare
• Mang: a sub-tropical thorn forest providing sanctuary to black and grey partridge, chakor partridge, and see-see partridge
• Pind Hashim Khan: a sub-tropical thorn forest providing sanctuary to black and grey partridge, chakor partridge, see-see partridge, and hare
• Rakh Sardaran: this provides sanctuary to grey and black partridge, hare, and jackal

The following game reserves are privately-owned:

• Rakh Tiyal
• Rakh Saeed Taj Mohammad
• Rakh Raja Gustasap Khan
• Rakh Sultan Muhammad Khan
• Rakh Syed Ali Shah
• Rakh Malak Banaras Khan
• Rakh Nadir Khan
• Rakh Rafaquat Shah

These sanctuaries provide shelter to barking deer, monkeys, grey goral, wild cat, griffon vulture, Asiatic leopard, black bear, yellow-throated martin, Kashmir hill fox, flying squirrel, and the civets. Birds can only be hunted after procuring a license from the Government of KP.

In addition, Tarbela Dam Lake/Reservoir has been designated as a Ramsar Site of International importance; this lake provides a wintering and staging ground for a large number of water fowls including little grebe, mallards, Eurasian coot, brown-headed gulls, pied kingfishers, and common kingfisher. Mammals found in the area are Asiatic jackal, red fox, and Indian hare.

[1] A Checklist of Phanerogamic Flora of Haripur Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, by Hina Fazal, Nisar Ahmad, Abdur Rashid, and Shahid Farooq of PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Peshawar, Department of Biotechnology, and Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, and Department of Botany, University of Peshawar.